Which of the following is a common brewing method that uses pressure instead of gravity?

Espresso brewing is recognized as a common brewing method that utilizes pressure to extract coffee. In this process, hot water is forced through finely ground coffee at high pressures, typically around 9 to 10 bars. This method results in a concentrated shot of coffee characterized by a rich flavor profile and a creamy consistency, thanks to the emulsification of oils and the presence of crema, which is the golden frothy layer that forms on top of a properly brewed espresso.

The other brewing methods mentioned, like French press, pour over, and cold brew, primarily rely on gravity or time to extract flavor from the coffee grounds. The French press involves steeping coffee in hot water and then separating it by pressing down a plunger, which does not apply pressure in the same way espresso does. Pour over brewing involves pouring hot water over coffee grounds in a filter, allowing gravity to draw the water through. Cold brew requires steeping coffee in cold water for an extended period, again relying on time rather than pressure to extract flavors.