What is the primary factor that defines speciality grade coffee?

The primary factor that defines specialty grade coffee is its unique flavor profile. Specialty coffee is characterized by its distinct flavors that arise from a combination of factors such as the bean's variety, the conditions in which it was grown, and the processing and brewing methods. Quality is evaluated through cupping, where coffee is scored on attributes like acidity, sweetness, body, and overall balance, all contributing to a unique flavor experience.

Understanding that flavor profile is central to defining specialty coffee emphasizes the importance of the coffee's origin and production practices. Specialty coffees are sustainably sourced, meticulously harvested, and carefully processed to enhance and preserve their natural flavors, which sets them apart from commercially produced coffees that may lack such depth and quality.

While the price of specialty coffee can reflect its cultivation and care, and the type of beans used certainly contributes to its quality, it is the unique flavor profile that ultimately defines it in the specialty coffee category. Roasting techniques also play a significant role in flavor development, but without the initial unique flavors established by the beans and their origin, the concept of specialty grade coffee remains undefined.