In what year was the first crude espresso machine invented?

The first crude espresso machine was invented in 1822 by Angelo Moriondo in Turin, Italy. This early espresso machine used steam pressure to brew coffee, which laid the foundation for the development of more advanced espresso machines in the years that followed. The design and concept introduced by Moriondo highlighted the potential for quickly preparing coffee under pressure, a method that would become characteristic in espresso-making.

The other options, while referencing years that are significant in the history of coffee and espresso, do not align with the documented invention of the first espresso machine. The 1901 date marks the creation of the first commercially successful espresso machine by Luigi Bezzera, but it was Moriondo's earlier invention that was the first of its kind. The years 1800 and 1850 do not specifically correspond to recognized milestones in espresso machine development, focusing instead on other advancements within coffee preparation or related inventions.